Facts about Cyprus which make it an interesting destination.
I loved my time in Cyprus.
It had everything… shipwrecks, archaeological surprises, winter sunshine, and an abandoned ghost city!
These facts about Cyprus demonstrate how interesting the divided island is for international tourists.
I explored the southern and northern side of the island, including the divided capital which offered a truly unique experience.
One minute I was enjoying a mythos on the Greek side, and the next I was enjoying some scrumptious baklava on the Turkish side.
It was quite a shift in vibes!
After learning some important history, geography, and Greek mythology about Cyprus, you will be ready to book your flights ASAP.
Let’s start with the mysterious shipwrecks on the island.
Political graffiti can be found throughout Cyprus.
Shipwrecks.
Cyprus is home to several notable shipwrecks that attract divers and historians alike.
As a result of the strategic geographical position of Cyprus, it has been subject to heavy maritime activity historically, which along with unpredictable weather conditions around the Mediterranean Sea, has caused many shipping accidents.
In total there have been over 50 known shipwrecks in Cypriot waters, with the most famous being the Zenobia Wreck.
This Swedish-built ferry sank in 1980 near the port of Larnaca on its maiden voyage, carrying a cargo of over 100 trucks and other vehicles, with its eternal resting place now being at a depth of 42 metres, making it popular with divers.
A more recent incident due to adverse weather conditions is Edro III, having run aground in 2011.
The Edro III shipwreck is popular with tourists in Paphos, looking for a quirky Instagram shot, as it is located close to the coast near the sea caves.
Edro III Shipwreck in Paphos.
Flamingos.
Cyprus is a key wintering site for Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus), with the largest concentrations found at the Akrotiri and Larnaca Salt Lakes.
The majestic birds find saline lakes to be an ideal habitat with abundant food sources such as brine shrimp, algae, and other microorganisms, making them perfect spots for feeding and breeding during their migratory stopovers.
If Cyprus is your summer holiday destination, you are less likely to encounter the pink flamingos, as the best time to see them is from November to March, when thousands of these migratory birds flock to the island.
In summer months, salt lakes can dry up or become too saline, reducing the availability of food for them.
I saw a large number during my January trip, however, during peak times, the flamingo population can reach up to 20,000 individuals in Cyprus.
Pink Flamingos can be spotted in the salt lakes in Larnaca.
A divided capital.
Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, is the last divided capital in Europe, split into the southern Greek Cypriot side and the northern Turkish Cypriot side by a United Nations buffer zone known as the Green Line.
During my visit to Cyprus I experienced both sides of the capital and the vibe changed totally as soon as I crossed the border. The distinct cultural differences are apparent as soon as you enter “Lefkosia’.
I found the southern side of Nicosia is vibrant and modern, with European style high streets, contemporary architecture, and beautiful parks.
Eleftheria Square in Nicosia.
In total contrast, the northern side, known as Lefkoşa, offers a distinct atmosphere with its Ottoman architecture, historic mosques, traditional bazaars, and the Büyük Han.
As soon as I crossed the border, there were street food stalls selling baklava, kebabs and Turkish ice cream!
Two distinct cultures coexisting in one city is a very unique and attractive aspect of the capital of Cyprus, and definitely offers international visitors an opportunity to learn some interesting history.
The Turkish side of the island are proud.
The green line.
The Green Line crossing at Ledra Street is one of the most well-known and accessible pedestrian crossing points between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot sides of Nicosia.
The famous crossing point has been a United Nations buffer zone since April 3, 2008 when it was established in efforts to ease tensions and improve relations between the two communities on the island.
Locals and tourists can freely cross the border at Ledra Street, allowing them to experience both sides of the divided capital.
The famous Ledra Street border crossing.
As I crossed I noticed the ‘peace’ sign and graffiti art symbolising ‘One Cyprus’.
You can still feel the vibe completely shift depending on which side you are on with contrasting atmospheres, from the modern shops and cafes on the southern side to the traditional markets and historic sites on the northern side.
This crossing not only offers a tangible reminder of the island's complex history but also serves as a hopeful symbol of potential reunification and coexistence.
A sign of the times in the buffer zone.
Sunny days.
Cyprus enjoys approximately 340 sunny days a year, making it one of the sunniest countries in Europe.
With such nice weather all year round, Cyprus attracts international tourists in large numbers, especially in shoulder seasons, when the island's Mediterranean climate appeals to travellers clinging onto the European summer.
The mild winters are also very beneficial for the local agriculture, particularly in the cultivation of sun-loving crops like citrus fruits and olives. Oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, along with olive oil, are significant contributors to the Cypriot economy, supporting local farmers and boosting the country’s agricultural export industry.
The west coast of Cyprus, particularly the area around Paphos, is renowned for offering the best year-round sunsets.
Paphos provides stunning views as the sun dips below the horizon over the Mediterranean Sea, casting a golden glow on the water and creating breathtaking vistas
I thoroughly enjoyed my colourful evenings in the Old Town area of Paphos.
Sunset in Paphos.
An abandoned ghost city.
Varosha, a district in the city of Famagusta, Cyprus, has been an abandoned ghost town since the Turkish invasion of 1974.
While I was exploring inside Varosha I noticed that all of the businesses, hotels and homes in the ghost city were left by their residents all of a sudden, and have slowly been damaged by the weather since.
It was a very haunting experience wandering the deserted streets.
It was hard to believe that Varosha was once a thriving tourist destination which was known for its luxury hotels, pristine beaches, and vibrant nightlife.
Derelict buildings are everywhere in Varosha.
The area was evacuated, and it has remained under Turkish military control since 1974, and only as recently as 2020 it was opened to the public.
It is free to enter inside Varosha and walk around the designated roads and paths.
Varosha has attracted significant attention from both locals and international visitors, curious to see the once-popular resort town that had been frozen in time.
However, the reopening remains a sensitive issue in the ongoing discussions about the future of Cyprus.
The city was left as it was over half a century ago.
A Turkish influence.
Cyprus exhibits significant Turkish influence, especially in the northern part of the island, following the Turkish intervention in 1974. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a de facto state and only recognised by Turkey.
I saw the Turkish and ‘Northern Cyprus’ flag flying proudly throughout my time on the northern side of the island.
Another noticeable difference on the Turkish side is the architecture, with Ottoman-era buildings and mosques making an appearance, to offer a unique blend of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern culture.
From a cuisine perspective, the northern side of the island is filled with traditional Turkish options such as kebabs, mezes, and börek.
Additionally, traditional Turkish tea houses, markets, and festivals showcase the rich cultural heritage.
The Turkish side of the island is culturally strong.
A diverse landscape.
Cyprus is home to the Troodos Mountains, which feature Mount Olympus, the highest peak on the island at 1,952 metres (6,404 feet) above sea level.
Although Cyprus is known for its sunny days and warm temperatures, its high peaks and rugged mountains offer some awesome ski resorts where visitors can enjoy winter sports amidst stunning alpine scenery, providing a unique contrast to the island's more typical Mediterranean allure.
Along with mountains, Cyprus also boasts over 400 miles of coastline, which encompasses a variety of landscapes, including sandy beaches, rocky shores, and picturesque coves, making it a popular destination for sun seekers.
Another unique geographical feature of the island are its salt lakes near Larnaca and Limassol, which provide a unique habitat for migratory birds.
Troodos Mountains.
A rich history.
Cyprus has a rich history that spans over 10,000 years, influenced by numerous civilisations, from the ancient Greeks and Romans to the Byzantines and Ottomans.
As Cyprus is located in a very strategic location in the middle of the Mediterranean, it has always drawn in powerful civilisations aiming to control its trade routes and resources, which has created a very diverse history.
The ancient city of Kourion, with its Greco-Roman theatre, and the UNESCO-listed Painted Churches of the Troodos Mountains are both testaments to its diverse cultural heritage.
In Paphos, the Tombs of the Kings is another UNESCO World Heritage site, which dates back to the 4th century BCE and showcases impressive underground tombs carved from solid rock, reflecting the island's ancient and mediaeval significance.
Around the harbour area of Paphos, there are also other UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Nea Paphos Archaeological Park, which contains ancient Roman villas with intricate mosaics. Paphos Castle also overlooks the Mediterranean nearby.
Original mosaics at Nea Pafos.
The land of Greek Mythology.
Cyprus, often referred to as the "Island of Aphrodite," is steeped in Greek mythology.
According to legend, Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, was born from the sea foam off the coast of Paphos, at a site now known as Aphrodite's Rock.
Petra tou Romiou is one of the most photographed spots in Cyprus, drawing visitors in with its stunning coastal views and mythological significance.
Visitors to Cyprus can also explore the Sanctuary of Aphrodite in Kouklia, an ancient site where the goddess was worshipped, and discover other mythological connections in the island's landscapes, from the ancient city of Amathus to the Akamas Peninsula.
Greek mythology has been an integral part of Cyprus for over 3000 years, dating back to when the Mycenaean Greeks settled on the island around 1400 BCE.
Petra tou Romiou, aka Aphrodites’ Rock.
An independent era.
Cyprus gained independence from British rule on August 16, 1960.
This date turned out to be very significant and a turning point for the island, with it establishing itself as a sovereign nation with its own political and economic systems.
A direct impact from the transition is the building of a sense of national identity and self-determination among its citizens, along with advancements in education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
As an Independent state, Cyprus has also been able to pursue international relations and join global organisations, such as the United Nations and the European Union, boosting its economic growth and enhancing its geopolitical significance.
A mixed taste.
Cypriot cuisine is a flavourful combination of Greek, Middle Eastern, Turkish, and Mediterranean influences, creating a unique experience.
Having visited Middle Eastern countries, as well as Greece and Turkey, I can honestly say that Cyprus offers the best of the two continents when it comes to a culinary experience.
My two favourite dishes on the southern side of Cyprus are souvlaki (grilled meat skewers) and halloumi cheese, with kebabs taking the win in Northern Cyprus.
Desserts like baklava and Turkish ice cream were also very tasty to try after I had crossed the Green line in the capital.
Baklava on the Turkish side of the capital.
An island of two religions.
Cyprus is often referred to as an island of ‘two religions’ due to the predominant presence of Greek Orthodox Christianity in the south and Turkish Islam in the north.
Following the Turkish invasion in 1974, Cyprus was effectively divided into two parts.
The Republic of Cyprus in the south, predominantly Greek Cypriot, follows the Greek Orthodox Christian faith. In contrast, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, is primarily inhabited by Turkish Cypriots who practise Islam.
This division has resulted in distinct cultural, religious, and social differences between the two regions, but it also highlights the island's rich and diverse heritage.
I found the differences to be very obvious as I wandered down the different sides of the island.
Efforts to reconcile and unify the island continue, with religious and cultural exchanges playing a role in fostering understanding and coexistence.
The Agios Raphael Church of Pachyammos.
A turtle zone.
Cyprus is a critical nesting site for two species of marine turtles: the Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) and the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas).
The island’s favourable geographic location, climate, and relatively undisturbed sandy beaches, particularly in areas like Lara Bay and Alagadi, provide the ideal warm sand conditions required for turtle nesting.
Nesting season usually runs from May to August, and if tourists visit at the end of the season they can usually have the chance to see the tiny hatchlings making their first journey to the sea.
The Cypriot government, along with other conservation organisations, work hard to protect nesting areas, and to monitor turtle populations.
Educating the public about the importance of preserving these magnificent creatures is also a priority.
Paphos is a great destination all year round.
If you’re looking for a destination which offers sun, natural beauty, and a lively nightlife, then Paphos is a great option for you to consider.
Mild winters and cheap flights are a big factor in drawing international tourists all year round.
Most of the attractions are within a short bus ride of the Old Town area, which also makes it an awesome spot for a shorter Cyprus trip.
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